In this systematic review of systematic reviews to update the INSPIRE Framework, the authors found that the strongest evidence of effectiveness includes:
- parenting programmes for reducing child maltreatment
- safe and enabling school environments (whole-school approaches) for preventing youth violence,
- healthy romantic relationships education for reducing adolescent intimate partner violence,
- cash-plus life-skills training among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries for reducing youth violence (including sexual violence), and
- cognitive behavioural therapy for children exposed to violence.
The INSPIRE Framework consists of seven strategies to address violence against children: implementation and enforcement of laws; norms and values; safe environments; parent and caregiver support; income and economic strengthening; response and support services; and education and life skills.
The authors recommended an update to the INSPIRE Framework and a scaling up of these evidence-based approaches towards ending violence against children.
Recommended citation:
Little, M. T., Butchart, A., Massetti, G. M., Hermosilla, S., Wittesaele, C., Pearson, I., Jochim, J., Swingler, S., Schupp, C., Böhret, I. A., Neelakantan, L., Backhaus, S., Martin, M., Mase, M., Page, S., Janowski, R., Blackwell, A., Bernstein, K. T., Rakotomalala, S., & Cluver, L. (2025). Interventions to prevent, reduce, and respond to violence against children and adolescents: A systematic review of systematic reviews to update the INSPIRE Framework. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, S2352464225002147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00214-7